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Systematic Reviews: Getting Started

A guide to searching systematicallly for a literature review or evidence synthesis

What is a systematic review?

A systematic review is a high-level overview of primary research on a particular research question that tries to identify, select, synthesize and appraise all high quality research evidence relevant to that question in order to answer it. Definition from Cochrane Collaboration

Key components of systematic reviews

A clearly stated set of objectives with pre-defined eligibility criteria for studies:

  • Systematic and extensive searches to identify all the relevant published and unpublished literature
  • an explicit, reproducible methodology;
  • Study selection according to predefined eligibility criteria
  • Assessment of the risk of bias for included studies
  • Presentation of the findings in an independent and impartial manner
  • Discussion of the limitations of the evidence and of the review.

[Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2011]

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Why do we need systematic reviews?

Estimated timeline for completing a systematic review

Month Activity
1 – 2  Preparation of protocol
3 – 8  Searches for published and unpublished studies
2 – 3 Pilot test of eligibility criteria
3 – 8 Inclusion assessments
3 Pilot test of ‘Risk of bias’ assessment
3 – 10 Validity assessments
Pilot test of data collection
3 – 10 Data collection
3 – 10 Data entry
5 – 11 Follow up of missing information
8 – 10 Analysis
1 – 11 Preparation of review report
12 –   Keeping the review up-to-date

Source: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 2024. The Cochrane Collaboration, Browse the Cochrane Handbook Online

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